![]() ![]() At an event longer time scale Goswami and collaborators claimed that amplitude modulations in the envelope, ranging between 2 and 50 Hz, may be one of the critical acoustic properties underlying syllable rate and speech rhythm. On a longer time-scale, of the order of tens of milliseconds, Tallal proposed that the phonological deficit in developmental dyslexia could be due to impaired processing of formant transitions characterizing the phonetic distinctive features of some consonants. For instance Hornickel and Kraus found that poor readers have more variable neural responses to speech, possibly leading to an impoverished representation of the fine-structure of speech sound (above 600 Hz) containing the formant patterns that are necessary acoustic cues to place of articulation. More precisely, temporal processing may be impaired at several interconnected temporal scales. Although there are several theories on the causes of this disorder, many authors agree that the phonological deficit in dyslexia could be related to a deficit in temporal processing. Therefore, intervention is crucial not only to improve academic abilities, but also to regulate social interactions.Īcross languages, children with dyslexia have poor phonological processing skills, leading to a dominant phonological core deficit. Its prevalence can be high, ranging from 3% to 10%. Dyslexia can be a severely invalidating disorder per se and is a risk factor for increased internalizing problems, anxiety and school failure which can lead to behavioral disorders, especially during adolescence. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.ĭevelopmental dyslexia is a learning disability that affects spelling and print decoding abilities despite normal comprehension, intelligence and adequate education, and in the absence of overt sensory or neurological damage. įunding: The financial support was given by the Mariani Foundation of Milan (Grant R-11-85). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: The data have been uploaded to Figshare, with the following DOI. Received: MaAccepted: SeptemPublished: September 25, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Flaugnacco et al. PLoS ONE 10(9):Įditor: Sygal Amitay, MRC Institute of Hearing Research, UNITED KINGDOM Through the enhancement of temporal processing and rhythmic skills, music might become an important tool in both remediation and early intervention programs.Ĭitation: Flaugnacco E, Lopez L, Terribili C, Montico M, Zoia S, Schön D (2015) Music Training Increases Phonological Awareness and Reading Skills in Developmental Dyslexia: A Randomized Control Trial. The findings show that music training can modify reading and phonological abilities even when these skills are severely impaired. This is the first randomized control trial testing the effect of music training in enhancing phonological and reading abilities in children with dyslexia. After rehabilitation, the music group (N = 24) performed better than the control group (N = 22) in tasks assessing rhythmic abilities, phonological awareness and reading skills. The study is a prospective, multicenter, open randomized controlled trial, consisting of test, rehabilitation and re-test (ID NCT02316873). Within this framework, we test the hypothesis that music training, by improving temporal processing and rhythm abilities, improves phonological awareness and reading skills in children with dyslexia. Interestingly, children with dyslexia show deficits in temporal processing, both in language and in music. Poor performance in tasks requiring temporal processing, rhythm perception and sensorimotor synchronization seems to be a crucial factor underlying dyslexia in children. ![]() There is some evidence for a role of music training in boosting phonological awareness, word segmentation, working memory, as well as reading abilities in children with typical development.
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